The 429 pattern

if (queueFillPercent > 90) {
  throw new A2AException(A2AKind.RATE_LIMITED, "Backpressure");
}
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Retry-After hint

Server includes Retry-After: 5 in the response. Compliant clients wait, then retry.

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Client honors it

ADK Java client parses Retry-After and delays automatically. Custom clients should too.