Why it matters

Framework landscape shapes choice. Understanding shapes selection.

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The architecture

LangChain4j: full-featured.

Spring AI: Spring-native.

LangGraph4j: state machines.

Custom: minimal deps.

Java agent framework landscapeLangChain4jfull frameworkSpring AISpring-nativeOthersLangGraph4j / customPython still leads; Java frameworks are production-viable and growing
Framework landscape.
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How it works end to end

Enterprise Spring shops: Spring AI.

Broad ecosystem: LangChain4j.

Complex graphs: LangGraph4j.

Minimal: custom.