Why it matters

Circuit breaker shapes reliability. Standard reliability pattern.

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The architecture

Closed: normal.

Open: block calls, return fallback.

Half-open: try one.

Circuit breaker statesClosednormal trafficOpenblock + fallbackHalf-opentrial callResilience4j provides all common resilience patterns for Java
Circuit breaker.
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How it works end to end

Resilience4j CircuitBreaker.

Threshold: failure rate + count.

Fallback: cached / default response.

Auto-recovery via half-open.