Required fields
Mark required. Missing required = clear error the model can fix.
Schema.object()
.property("user_id", Schema.string().required().pattern("^u_[a-z0-9]{10}$"))
.property("amount", Schema.integer().min(1).max(10000));Advertisement
Enums over free-form
Whenever a string has known values, enum it. The model can't spell it wrong.
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Ranges + regexes
Bound numbers. Constrain strings. If user_id must match a pattern, encode it — don't validate later.