Why it matters

B+ trees power database indexes. Cache-friendly for disk I/O.

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The architecture

Data in leaves only.

Linked leaves for scans.

Node fanout matches page.

B+ tree operationsData in leavesinternal is keys onlyLinked leavesrange scansFanoutmatches disk pageComer 1979 survey; foundation of Postgres, InnoDB, most DB indexes
B+ tree operations.
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How it works end to end

Data in leaves.

Linked for scans.

Postgres, InnoDB use.