Why it matters

Dynamic connectivity is fundamental dynamic problem. Understanding shapes dynamic graphs.

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The architecture

Spanning forest maintained.

Edge insert: add to forest if reduces components.

Edge delete: search replacement.

Dynamic connectivity approachSpanning forestmaintainedInsert / deleteedge opsQuery connectivitysame component?HLT 1998; polylog complexity; practical implementations exist
Dynamic connectivity.
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How it works end to end

Holm + Lichtenberg + Thorup 1998.

Euler tour trees or link-cut.

Levels for amortization.