Why it matters

MCTS enables high-branching game play. Understanding shapes game AI.

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The architecture

Selection: descend by UCB.

Expand: add new child.

Simulate: rollout.

Backprop: update stats.

MCTS iterationSelectUCB descentExpand + simulateadd + rolloutBackpropupdate statsAlphaGo + MuZero replaced simulation with learned value net + policy
MCTS.
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How it works end to end

UCB1 balances exploit + explore.

Simulation: random or policy-guided.

Terminates on budget.

Return best move at root.