LWE problem
Given A, b = As + e (small e), recover s. Believed hard even for quantum computers.
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Kyber (ML-KEM)
Key encapsulation. Public key + ciphertext ~1-1.5 KB. Standardized as NIST FIPS 203 (2024).
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Dilithium (ML-DSA)
Signature scheme. Signatures ~2-4 KB. NIST FIPS 204 (2024).