Why it matters

EBS is EC2 disk default. Understanding shapes storage + backup design.

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The architecture

Volume types: gp3 (default), io2 (high IOPS), st1 (throughput HDD), sc1 (cold HDD).

Attached to one EC2 at a time.

EBS volume typesgp3general SSDio2high IOPS SSDst1 / sc1HDD throughput / coldgp3 supports independent IOPS + throughput scaling; better than gp2 usually
EBS types.
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How it works end to end

Snapshots: incremental block-level backup to S3. Restore creates new volume.

Encryption: KMS-based, at rest + in transit.

Multi-attach: io2 can attach to multiple EC2 (cluster-aware apps only).

Elastic Volumes: modify size/type online.