Core concept
Multi-AZ: sync standby in another AZ. Auto-failover ~60s. Read replicas async for read scaling.
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How it works
DB instance class = EC2 with DB pre-installed. Storage: gp3 (default) or io2 (high IOPS). Auto-scaling storage.
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Trade-offs + gotchas
Traditional apps needing SQL. Not for extreme scale (use Aurora). Migration path from on-prem DBs.