Core concept
File Gateway: NFS/SMB on-prem, backed by S3. Cache locally. Async upload. Standard for cloud migration.
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How it works
Volume Gateway: iSCSI volumes stored in cloud + cached locally, or fully cached. Snapshots to EBS.
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Trade-offs + gotchas
Tape Gateway: replace physical tape libraries. Presents VTL to backup software. Data goes to S3/Glacier.