Core concept
gp3: 3000 IOPS + 125 MB/s baseline. Provisioned up to 16k IOPS + 1000 MB/s. Default modern choice.
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How it works
io2 Block Express: up to 256k IOPS + 4000 MB/s per volume. Highest performance. Databases needing extreme IOPS.
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Trade-offs + gotchas
st1/sc1: cheap magnetic. Sequential throughput. Big data. Cold data. Not for random access.