All 19 articles, sorted alphabetically
Backpressure architecture in bidirectional streams
Deep-dive on end-to-end backpressure: TCP/HTTP2/QUIC flow-control windows, gRPC readiness, Reactive Streams demand, WebSocket's bufferedAmount ga…
Read article →QUIC connection migration architecture
Deep-dive on QUIC connection migration: Connection IDs decoupling identity from the four-tuple, path validation and anti-amplification limits, congest…
Read article →Delivery and read receipts architecture
Deep-dive on delivery and read receipts in real-time messaging: server-assigned message identity, delivered and read acknowledgements flowing back ove…
Read article →Real-time fanout -- delivering messages to many connections
Deep-dive on real-time fanout: the broadcast-to-many problem, the stateful connection layer (sharded WebSocket servers), the pub/sub backplane distrib…
Read article →gRPC bidi streaming architecture
Deep-dive on gRPC bidirectional streaming: HTTP/2 framing, multiplexing, flow control, backpressure, deadlines, keepalive, and reconnect.
Read article →Heartbeats / keepalive -- detecting dead connections
Deep-dive on heartbeats/keepalive for long-lived bidirectional connections: the silent-death problem, periodic ping/pong, timeout detection, reconnect…
Read article →Load shedding on bidirectional streams
Deep-dive on load shedding for long-lived bidirectional streams (WebSocket, gRPC, WebTransport): deliberately dropping work the server cannot serve so…
Read article →Long polling
Deep-dive on long polling: the hold-and-respond cycle, cursors for reliable gap-free delivery, timeout tuning against intermediaries, scaling held con…
Read article →Long-polling fallback
Deep-dive on transport negotiation with long-polling fallback: the WebSocket-to-SSE-to-long-poll ladder, the server hub that presents one transport-ag…
Read article →Bidi message ordering architecture
Deep-dive on ordered delivery over bidirectional streams: sequence numbers and send buffers, receive-side reorder windows, gap detection with NACK, de…
Read article →MQTT architecture
Deep-dive on MQTT: the broker-and-topic publish/subscribe model, wildcard topic filters, the three QoS levels (at-most/at-least/exactly once), retaine…
Read article →Stream multiplexing -- many logical streams over one connection
Deep-dive on stream multiplexing: the HTTP/1.1 connection-per-request problem, many concurrent streams over one connection, frames and stream ids inte…
Read article →Offline message queue architecture
Deep-dive on the store-and-forward offline queue that keeps bidirectional clients gap-free across disconnects: a fanout writer that appends each messa…
Read article →WebSocket compression architecture
Deep-dive on permessage-deflate: the offer/response extension negotiation, server_max_window_bits and client_max_window_bits sizing, context takeover …
Read article →Real-time presence tracking architecture
Deep-dive on presence systems: heartbeat/TTL truth that eliminates ghosts, multi-session aggregation into a user status, state machines with grace win…
Read article →Signaling architecture for real-time apps
Deep-dive on the signaling plane: stateless WebSocket workers, session stores and pub/sub routing, SDP offer/answer with trickle ICE, perfect negotiat…
Read article →Socket.IO at scale
Deep-dive on scaling Socket.IO: polling-to-WebSocket upgrade, sticky sessions, namespaces and rooms, Redis adapter broadcast, reconnection storms, slo…
Read article →Server-Sent Events (SSE)
A deep dive on Server-Sent Events: the long-lived text/event-stream response, the on-the-wire format of data/event/id/retry and heartbeat comments, th…
Read article →Typing indicators architecture
Deep-dive on typing indicators in real-time chat: how to fan out ephemeral 'X is typing…' presence signals over a live connection without sp…
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