SimpleStrategy

Ignore topology. First N replicas clockwise on ring. NEVER production. Fine for local single-DC dev.

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NetworkTopologyStrategy

CREATE KEYSPACE app WITH replication = {
  'class': 'NetworkTopologyStrategy',
  'us-east': 3,
  'us-west': 3,
  'eu-west': 3
};
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Rack awareness

NTS places replicas in different racks. Requires configured rack info (cassandra-rackdc.properties). Survives rack failure.