Core concept
Standard LB: TCP/UDP, static IPs. AppGW: HTTP + WAF + URL routing. Front Door: global anycast + WAF + CDN. Traffic Manager: DNS routing.
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How it works
Naming confusing. Front Door + Traffic Manager both do global routing.
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Trade-offs + gotchas
Front Door for global HTTP. AppGW for regional HTTP. LB for TCP. Traffic Manager for DNS-only.