State-based (CvRDT)
Replicas exchange full state. Merge = commutative + associative + idempotent join. G-Counter, PN-Counter, OR-Set.
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Operation-based (CmRDT)
Replicas exchange operations. Commutative ops. Requires reliable causal broadcast. Delta-CRDTs hybrid.
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G-Counter
Grow-only counter. Vector of per-replica increments. Merge = element-wise max.