When to retry
Transient errors: network, 5xx, timeout. Not idempotent-unsafe operations (POST money transfer).
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Exponential backoff
Delay = base × 2^attempt. Prevents flooding recovering service. Cap at max delay.
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Jitter
Delay = random(0, base × 2^attempt). Avoids all clients retrying at same time (thundering herd). Standard in AWS SDKs.