Why it matters

Online DPO closes loop with real usage. Growing production adoption.

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The architecture

Deployed model generates.

Users/annotators rate.

DPO update.

Online DPO loopDeploy modelcollect completionsGet preferencesuser or judgeDPO updateon fresh dataRequires safe deployment; consider drift + safety on updates
Online DPO.
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How it works end to end

Collection: user feedback or LLM-as-judge.

Batch DPO updates periodically.

Safety checks each update.