Why it matters

Active-passive shapes cost + simplicity. Understanding shapes design.

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The architecture

Primary serves all traffic.

Secondary standby (warm / cold).

Failover: DNS / LB switch.

Active-passive LLMPrimaryservesSecondary standbywarm / coldFailoverDNS / LB switchCheaper than active-active; slower RTO; state simpler; DNS TTL matters
Active-passive LLM.
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How it works end to end

Warm standby (running but no traffic).

Cold standby (spin up on failover).

DNS TTL matters.