Why it matters

SGX pioneered TEE thinking. Understanding shapes broader TEE knowledge.

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The architecture

Enclave: encrypted memory region.

EPC: Enclave Page Cache.

Attestation: SGX quotes.

Intel SGXEnclaveencrypted memoryEPClimited sizeAttestationSGX quotesNot used for LLM (small EPC); replaced by TDX for VM-level confidentiality
Intel SGX.
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How it works end to end

Enclave: small user-space region.

EPC: 128MB-256MB historically; larger recent.

Side-channel vulnerabilities discovered over years.