Why it matters

OWASP Top 10 covers most breaches. Understanding them prevents most vulns.

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The architecture

Top categories: A01 Broken Access Control, A02 Cryptographic Failures, A03 Injection, A04 Insecure Design, A05 Security Misconfiguration.

Continues through A10.

Top 3 OWASPAccess controlauthz issuesCrypto failuresweak or missingInjectionSQL/XSS/etcCoverage of these three prevents most breaches; each has established mitigations
Top vulnerability classes.
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How it works end to end

Broken access control: users access data/functions they shouldn't. Prevention: verify at every request.

Cryptographic failures: unencrypted secrets, weak algorithms. Prevention: TLS everywhere, modern crypto.

Injection: SQL, XSS, command. Prevention: parameterized queries, output encoding.