The problem

Popular key expires. 1000s of concurrent requests see cache miss. All query DB. DB CPU spikes. Cascading failure.

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The problem

Popular key expires. 1000s of concurrent requests see cache miss. All query DB. DB CPU spikes. Cascading failure.

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Locking (single-flight)

First miss acquires a lock. Others wait. Winner writes to cache. Waiters see fresh value. Redis SETNX + wait pattern.