Feature store

User's transaction history, velocity (txns/hour), device fingerprints. Real-time from Redis/Aerospike. Historic from data warehouse.

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Feature store

User's transaction history, velocity (txns/hour), device fingerprints. Real-time from Redis/Aerospike. Historic from data warehouse.

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Rules engine

Explainable, precise, fast. 'Card used in country A + country B within 1 hour → decline'. Business writes rules; engineers wire them.