VPA (Virtual Payment Address)

Human-friendly identifier like user@bank. Maps to actual account via PSP. Users share VPA instead of account number.

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VPA (Virtual Payment Address)

Human-friendly identifier like user@bank. Maps to actual account via PSP. Users share VPA instead of account number.

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Push vs pull

Push: payer initiates ('send to X'). Pull: payee requests ('collect from X'). Payer approves. Both flow through NPCI switch.