Why it matters
DDPM is diffusion foundation. Understanding shapes theory.
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The architecture
Forward: q(x_t | x_{t-1}) = N(sqrt(1 - beta_t) x_{t-1}, beta_t I).
Reverse: learned p(x_{t-1} | x_t).
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How it works end to end
Ho et al. 2020.
Simplified loss: MSE on predicted noise.
Beta schedule: linear or cosine.
1000 steps foundational.