Why it matters

OPQ improves PQ. Understanding shapes vector DB.

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The architecture

Learn rotation R + PQ jointly.

Query: rotate query + PQ distance.

Better than PQ alone.

OPQ flowLearn rotation Rreduce quantization errApply PQon rotated spaceQueryrotate + PQ distanceGe et al. 2013; Faiss + Milvus support; small overhead vs PQ
OPQ.
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How it works end to end

Joint optimization.

Faiss OPQ variant.

Small extra work.