Why it matters

Signal propagation theory shapes design. Understanding shapes stability.

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The architecture

Compute activation + gradient variances at each layer.

Detect explosion / collapse.

Signal propagation analysisForward varianceactivation statsBackward variancegradient statsPredict trainabilitywell-conditioned?Xiao et al. + Pennington + Bahri + others; predicts + guides design
Signal propagation.
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How it works end to end

Meanfield analysis.

Isometric layers.

Deep linear networks as toy.

Guides init + norm choices.